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This is from an AOPA shoot. The article never made it but the photos show
up all the time in AOPA material. Mike Fizer was photographer. |
I love doing aviation photo shoots. Up ten, down ten, five back, twenty forward,
straight ahead, whatever the photographer wants I’m there to give it to
them. It’s not easy to capture images of
rare planes and playing an active role in the process is extremely
satisfying. Look at any great aviation
photo you took part in and you remember the effort involved.
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My first Oshkosh photo shoot. There's also a story to go with this one but that is for
another day. Paul Bowen photographer. |
First, in order to capture the best aviation photos an almost mythical level
of convergence is required. Two planes with closely matched performance,
one of which must have a few specific traits that make it perfect for shooting air
to air photos, must be available. During
that window of aircraft availability, you must also have good weather conditions
during specific hours of the day. Next
you need a photo ship pilot that understands what is needed for a photo shoot;
good lighting, backdrop placement, formation flying, and the size opening from
which the photographer will be shooting.
In the same plane with that pilot you need a photographer skilled in
catching action in an environment where lighting changes substantially every
five seconds. Finally, in the plane being photographed you need a pilot that understands photography and has formation skills.* Sounds easy right? Unfortunately, there is yet another factor that comes into play.
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This is from an EAA photo shoot. |
What if the subject aircraft is a very rare flying
machine? At that point, the chances of pulling everything together in one spot in the sky, at
the same time, become astronomical. It’s
the reason EAA takes several years’ worth of photos during Oshkosh. They get’em while the getting’s good. A few years ago, on a particularly beautiful evening, I was
taking part in one of those shoots.
I remember that day clearly. Having participated in many of the sessions through the years, this time I asked the photographer if
we could go last to get the best light.
He agreed and a few hours later we were over a lake capturing images.
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I took this photo at Deer Run Airpark. |
The plane I was flying, a rare Stearman C3B, had really caught the eye of the
photographer. At the time, it was one of
the most beautiful planes flying. For
that matter, it still is. Something
about it just pops and people naturally find it attractive. Because of
that we stayed a little longer on station to get maximum camera
time. Flying over the middle of the lake
though, where many of the shoots take place, was something I had refused.
When you play the role of photo subject pilot there are many factors you must consider. Knowing the
plane didn’t climb well on hot days, part of my planning had been to
have minimal fuel. If we were going to
be anywhere near the lake, I wanted to be able to climb as high as I could as
quickly as I could and get the maximum performance from the plane. Being light
was critical to that. But
don’t get me wrong, minimal doesn’t mean empty.
My fuel planning went like this; primarily, the airplane
would be at a high power setting most of the time. We’d be climbing enroute to the photo shoot
location. Once there, the prop would be
set to achieve maximum rpm. This would offer a quicker throttle response while also making it easier for the
photographer to capture a full prop disc blur.
It would also mean a higher fuel burn due to the rigors of jockeying to
achieve whatever the guy behind the camera wanted. We’d be there a maximum of 45 minutes and
then we’d make a mad dash to Wittman Field trying to get there before it
closed for the evening show. On top of
that I’d add 45 minutes worth of fuel to allow for fudge room and reserve. And yet, that’s not everything I considered.
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From the Oshkosh shoot. Chris Miller was the photographer. |
The Stearman I was flying had two fuel tanks. One was up high in the center section and one
was down in the fuselage. Considering
everything the photographer may want, plus the fact I would be working with
minimum fuel, I put all of the 100LL, except what I needed to get to the air to
air location, up top. This would give me
an additional level of comfort by ensuring I would always have gas higher than
the carburetor and a few gallons left over in the fuselage for an emergency.
If you think that sounds like an extreme amount of fuel
planning, maybe it is. I don’t know how
others handle it but I can tell you that engine failures have almost always
been, and continue to be, due to fuel starvation. Even the much maligned OX-5 was actually
reported by aviators of the day to most commonly quit due to fuel issues, not mechanical. Therefore, in my mind, fuel
considerations are always critical.
Finally, there was one other thing to consider. While I circled waiting for my photo slot, I
knew the photo ship would check in. When
they did, I told them I would not be able to go out to the middle of the widest
part of the lake but that I would gladly fly over other parts of it as long as
we were a little higher. The extra
altitude was to ensure gliding distance to land in case of an engine
failure.
Discomfort, doubt and
distraction are not things you want to experience during a photo shoot. Being sure I
could focus on the other plane without worrying about fuel or going into the
lake would make everything work much better.
We agreed on an altitude and before long the camera was filling up flash cards.
Forming up on the photo ship I had one last question, “At
our current speed, how long would it take us to get to the field?” The guys gave me their answer, I compared it
to my estimate which was based on a higher speed, split the difference, and
then gave them my bugout time.
Amazingly all the important points converged. My estimated maximum time on station fell
exactly on the point I felt we’d need to leave to get back to the field before
it closed. I gave them the time and asked
them to let me know when we were ten minutes from that.
Pointed into the sun, out of the sun, high and low, we
flew. 180’s, 360’s, and even 270's were
among the turns we made and sometimes it was just a few degrees. “How far out over the lake would you be
comfortable”, they asked. I looked around,
told them that if we were 500’ higher I’d be up for the middle, and we agreed
to climb.
Leveling off we found it nice up there. By chance,
that extra altitude took us through a thermal layer and dropped the temperature
several degrees. This made everyone much more comfortable. A few circuits later we were all in a good
mood and I took a quick glance at the timer.
To my surprise, we had already been in the shoot for almost an
hour. Thankfully though, getting to the
shoot had not taken as long as planned so the numbers still worked. But just to verify my time piece wasn’t fooling me**, I asked, “What time is it”? The photo ship responded,
“We have a few minutes left to play around if you’re up for it”. So on we flew; all of us working hard to
catch a few bonus shots.
“Do you have anything else you’d like to try or a specific
photo you’d like to get”, they asked, obviously trying to use every minute of
photo time available. I suggested some
odd attitudes and we agreed I would put it in a hard slip and see how it turned
out. Cranking hard right aileron and left
full rudder, I worked the controls to hold a maximum slip throughout a 360
degree turn. Coming up on a complete circle
I heard them say, “Roll out”. Then they started to tell me what we’d be
doing next. It was something about
straight but I didn’t really hear it.
The engine had gone instantly silent.
When I say instantly silent, I mean, the powerplant went
from maximum climb power to completely dead in a fraction of a second; a blaring
exhaust note to chirping crickets faster than I ever thought possible.
Instantly every powerplant control was full forward, carb
heat was pulled and tanks switched as I strained to see forward. “Where’s the shoreline”, I thought. “HOLY CRAP, I CAN’T MAKE THAT”, my mind
raced. “Great, I’m going to be the
second guy to die in a lake in as many days***”, was the next thought to go through
my mind. “Why isn’t this thing running”,
I asked myself. “This plane can’t die in
my hands” was my next thought. I looked
again, adjusted my track toward the nearest point, and watched to get an
estimate on our maximum potential dead-stick distance.
I had already put the bottom of the top wing level with the horizon for
maximum glide when I looked up to see the photo ship pulling away.
“Should I tell them; no you have other things to do”, went
the inner voice. “Why isn’t this thing
running!?” I checked all the controls
again and switched the tanks back to my original configuration. “COME ON BABY;
RUN!!!”.
Again I adjusted for land and pondered the situation at hand.
That’s when I began preparing for a crash. I quickly pulled the extra cushion out from
behind me to place it in front of the panel for impact, tightened the harness
to the point of cutting off circulation, and planned for when I would accept
reality and shut everything off.
Just then my head jerked back and my ears struggled with sensory overload. “BLAAAAAAAAA”
came the engine back to life. It didn’t wind up. It came just as it had gone; straight from
crickets chirping to wide open quicker than I ever thought possible. “What the hell”, I wondered. And in that instant my eyes fell on something
I had seen but never truly saw. I was
dumbfounded and relieved. How could we
all have missed that? Then I heard a
radio call.
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Note the single fuel line coming down from above. |
Fairly far away by now, for the second time, the photo ship
was asking if there was a problem. Trying
to play it cool and relax myself at the same time, I responded, “No, I just
dropped my goggles in the floor. Pull it
back and I’ll catch up”. We were heading
for the shore. That was good and since I
had realized what happened, I didn’t want to freak them out and cut the shoot
short. Thankfully we were almost done.
A few photos later the adrenaline wore off just as the folks
in the photo ship offered their own surprise, “Hey, we ran late, how fast can
that thing go?” “110 wide open, how late
are we”, and I looked at my clock. I
couldn’t believe what time it was. There
was no way we could make it. I’d be
landing elsewhere and finding a ride. Would Ginger have her phone
on? Fortunately, in recent years I had pointed
out the field where I’d be landing. If I
could get her a message I was sure she could find me.
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You can see Oshkosh just under and to the left of the plane. |
Then the photo ship said, “Hey we need you to fly straight
at the field as fast as you can while we call ahead; we’ll fly on you”. At this rate I was going to land right at
thirty minutes fuel. “Hey guys, you need
to tell me if there are going to be ANY holdups. I’m running thin”. “No problem, aim for a direct midfield
downwind and go fast. We’ve been cleared
in.” That was the exact moment I watched
my “alternate” go by.
Looking again at the clock, I just couldn’t see it happening
but the guys stayed positive. Then, as
if everyone who had anything to do with flight operations knew we were coming,
the radio came alive with precise directions to follow without response. I turned tight base, final, and rolled
immediately off the runway so a 195 could land tight behind me; on his heels
was the photo ship. Then came the call. I can’t remember the exact wording but over
the radio I heard someone say the airport was closed. As I taxied to park the airshow was in full
swing.
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This was a modified downwind/base/to final. |
So what had caused the engine to quit? It was me.
Well, to be fair to myself, it was the convergence of many things. Fuel planned to the minute, a late day photo
shoot, the photographer’s desire to get the most shots possible, a fuel tank
designed at the factory for a gentleman flyer, and me operating it almost 75
years later like it was designed for aerobatics.
Having flown the plane all over creation, it was hard to believe I had never noticed something that was literally right in front of
me; something nobody else had noticed either.
Yet why would they? They all flew
it straight and level.
The design of the Stearman C3B
top tank fuel line take off was typical for the era. Placed aft and in a fuel bowl, it was
designed to accomplish two things; catch fuel contaminants and ensure fuel
supply in flight. There was just one
problem with it. If you were running off
the top tank, it wasn’t full, and you flew for an extended period of time in a
maximum slip, the fact it was ALSO built into the middle of the tank meant you
could starve the engine of fuel. Ooops.
Yep, drive all the remaining avgas to one side of the tank
and it is possible to unport the fuel from the fuel line. Having just gone a full 360 on edge,
sometimes working all factors to achieve even greater but momentary angles of
bank, I had done just that.
Arriving back at Vintage Parking, Ron
Alexander, the owner at the time, and Ginger were waiting. I remember Ron looking at me a little funny
when I handed him the seat cushion that was still out in the cockpit. Ginger had something for me to drink. At
the time though all I could think about was filling the tanks to see how much fuel was remaining. Had I made a mistake in my planning?
Watching the gallons tick by one after another after
another, I anxiously awaited a number set in my head. Five gallons away from it, someone said
something to me, I looked away and SPLASH, everything within ten feet was
covered in fuel. Imagine a large
capacity Piper Cub tank going from empty to full in under a second and that’s what
you had. That was good news; the plane
still contained a little more avgas than originally planned and I couldn't help but laugh. A few minutes earlier I was sweating the possibility of too little fuel; a few minutes later I was dripping from having
too much.
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Back on the ground in the last light of day. |
Note: This story covers just one piece of my part in the shoot. It doesn't cover attending the briefing, cleaning the plane, getting out of Oshkosh during the event, and more. Earlier I discussed what it takes to get everything together for such an operation. Now think of all the issues the photo ship pilot may have had to deal with on that day; fuel, maintenance, scheduling, communication with other aircraft waiting in the air for their turn in line, etc. Then there are all the issues the photographer may have had to deal with; having all the equipment in place and ready, flash cards handy, equipment failures, other cameras with different lenses arranged within reach yet secured from falling out the door, turbulence, and so much more. If you think about all that could go wrong and all there is for everyone to do, when you see photos from a shoot that produced stunning images you begin to realize how special that moment was.
*In rare circumstances, if you have a bad subject
pilot but excellent photo ship, photo ship pilot and photographer, you can still manage to
get quality shots. But again, that’s really rare.
**I had a clock fool me once, just once.
***During the previous day, a Piper Cub had crashed in Lake Winnebago and both people inside were killed.
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With the well known PT series Stearman, the problem I had was
rectified by taking fuel from all four corners of the tank.
Thanks to Mike Porter for the photo. |